Ambiente

L’ambiente è tutto ciò che ci circonda!

La parola ambiente, infatti, deriva dal participio presente del verbo ambĭre: ambiens, e cioè “che circonda”, “che si muove intorno”: in altre parole che vive intorno. Il verbo indica movimento e, quindi, vita sotto ogni forma…

Per capire cosa sia l’ambiente, pertanto, ci dobbiamo guardare intorno. Per cercare cosa? Innanzitutto gli elementi che compongono il “sistema ambiente”.

L’ambiente, infatti, è un sistema, cioè un insieme di elementi tra di loro collegati in modo da formare un complesso organico.

Quali sono gli elementi dell’ambiente?

Ci sono innanzitutto i comparti fisici, cioè i pilastri che reggono la struttura: l’atmosfera, le acque superficiali e profonde, il suolo e sottosuolo.

Te lo immagini un ambiente fatto solo di aria, acqua e suolo? Un po’ triste e sconsolato…

E allora dobbiamo aggiungere altri elementi che facciano dell’ambiente un complesso organico e animato!

Il clima è un elemento che sicuramente anima ciò che ci circonda. Tra l’altro, parlare delle condizioni atmosferiche è uno dei principali argomenti di discussione, soprattutto in ascensore! Negli ultimi decenni si è iniziato a parlare, con crescente preoccupazione, dei problemi legati al cambiamento climatico, all’effetto serra e al riscaldamento globale.

Se ci troviamo in un luogo chiuso – ad esempio a casa o in aula – per vedere cosa ci circonda, viene spontaneo affacciarci alla finestra. L’insieme di colori e forme che vediamo è il paesaggio. Infiniti sono i paesaggi, poiché infinite sono le combinazioni degli elementi fisici, biologici e antropici. Il concetto di paesaggio ci appare così scontato da avere spesso difficoltà a definirlo compiutamente, come tutte le cose che ci sembrano ovvie, come il tempo. Dice il saggio: «Se vuoi mettere in difficoltà qualcuno, chiedigli di spiegarti il significato della parola che ripete più spesso!». È un po’ come quando cerchiamo un oggetto: non lo troviamo perché è sotto i nostri occhi, o sopra, come spesso accade con gli occhiali che abbiamo sistemato sul capo, o con il telefono, che abbiamo in mano, ma non riuscendo a trovarlo, lo confessiamo ingenuamente all’interlocutore con il quale stiamo conversando proprio tramite il misterioso oggetto!

Flora e fauna, naturalmente, fanno parte del complesso animato che ci circonda. La flora è l’insieme dei vegetali spontanei o coltivati. La fauna, invece, è l’insieme degli animali diversi dall’uomo.

Tutti gli elementi dell’ambiente, ovviamente, interagiscono tra di loro influenzandosi vicendevolmente. L’ecologia studia proprio le relazioni, la distribuzione e l’abbondanza degli organismi nell’ambiente. Gli organismi viventi di una determinata area, insieme all’ambiente non naturale e al complesso di relazioni esistenti tra tutti gli elementi, formano un ecosistema. Al centro del sistema-ambiente, ovviamente, c’è l’uomo.

All’interno dell’ambiente avvengono scambi di materia, energia e informazioni. Entro certi limiti, il sistema è capace di autoregolarsi e di mantenersi in equilibrio (principio dell’omeostasi). Gli elementi non antropici dell’ambiente producono effetti sull’uomo e sull’attività umana e, viceversa, l’uomo è in grado di esercitare una significativa influenza sugli altri elementi ambientali.

Continua… 😉

Il TESTO è tratto da IL METODO GREENOPOLI, Giovanni De Feo, 2014, Edizioni IL PAPAVERO, Manocalzati (Av).

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